
Islam has specific dietary guidelines that shape the daily lives and practices of its followers. These guidelines are based on Islamic jurisprudence, which specifies which foods are halal ('lawful' or 'permissible' in Arabic) and haram ('unlawful' or 'not permissible'). The dietary laws are derived from the Quran and prophetic traditions, encompassing all aspects of life. During Ramadan, the holy month of fasting, Muslims abstain from food, drink, sexual activity, and immoral behaviour between dawn and dusk. While the term 'halal' is often associated with meat and poultry, referring to the Islamic dietary laws for slaughter, it also applies to other food and drink. In extreme cases, such as starvation, Muslims may consume haram food to preserve life.
| Characteristics | Values |
|---|---|
| Dietary laws | Promote health and show deference to God |
| Fasting | One of the five pillars of Islam |
| Halal | Lawful, permissible, and based on the teachings from the Quran and the Hadith |
| Haram | Unlawful, not permissible |
| Darura | Extreme need, such as starvation, that allows Muslims to consume haram food |
| Market | The halal market was estimated to be 26% of world food trade in 2013 |
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What You'll Learn

Islamic dietary laws
According to Islamic dietary restrictions, non-halal items are known as haram, which means "forbidden" in Arabic. These are the opposite of halal. Livestock or cattle, i.e., grazing beasts, are lawful except those that are explicitly prohibited. Hunting is prohibited during "the pilgrimage". This means that most herbivores or cud-chewing animals like cattle, deer, sheep, goats, and antelope are considered halal to consume. Animals hunted by other animals (such as trained birds) are also permitted. In Islamic law, dhabiha is the prescribed method of slaughter for halal animals. It involves a swift, deep incision to the throat with a very sharp knife, cutting the wind pipe, jugular veins, and carotid arteries on both sides but leaving the spinal cord intact. The butcher is required to call upon the name of Allah (Bismillah) individually for each animal.
Islamic dietary guidelines have clear and precise rules about what Muslims cannot eat. Forbidden food substances include alcohol, pork, frog, carrion, the meat of carnivores, and animals that died due to illness, injury, stunning, poisoning, or slaughtering not in the name of God. Most reptiles are also considered haram, as well as most pests (hasharat al-Ardh) such as mice and rats. Under the "Darura" (necessity) concept, extreme need, such as starvation or absence of suitable sustenance, may be met by a Muslim consuming haram food to maintain life, as the preservation of life supersedes dietary limitations.
Halal food is any food deemed permissible under Islamic law, as defined in the Quran. The Islamic dietary laws specify that all food and beverages are considered halal unless explicitly stated as forbidden. These laws guide Muslims worldwide in identifying what foods are halal, thus fulfilling their dietary requirements in accordance with Islamic teachings. Muslims worldwide accept the Quran as the book of perfect direction and bearing for humankind and believe it to be the last revelation of God.
In Europe and non-Muslim countries, several organizations have been created to certify halal products. Halal certification is a formal recognition by a credible organization that a food product, its ingredients, and the process involved in its creation comply with the principles of Islamic dietary laws. This certification is a reliable indicator for Muslims, identifying permissible products for consumption according to Islamic law.
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Halal and Haram
Islam's dietary laws, known as Halal and Haram, are an integral part of the lives of Muslims. These guidelines dictate what foods are permissible (Halal) and what foods are forbidden (Haram) according to Islamic teachings. The distinction between Halal and Haram foods is not only rooted in religious beliefs but also reflects a commitment to ethical consumption and spiritual purity.
Halal is an Arabic word that translates to 'permissible' in English. Although the term halal is often associated with Islamic dietary laws, particularly meat that is slaughtered according to Islamic guidelines, it also governs ethical considerations and health consciousness. The majority of Islamic scholars consider shellfish and other seafood halal. Vegetarian cuisine is also halal as long as it does not contain alcohol.
Non-Halal items are known as Haram, which means "forbidden" in Arabic. Haram foods are categorically prohibited in Islam, and consuming them goes against the principles of the religion. Foods that are considered Haram include pork and its by-products, blood, and intoxicants such as alcoholic beverages. Other Haram foods include carnivorous animals, dead meat, and certain types of seafood.
Islamic dietary laws are derived from the Quran, the holy book of Islam, as well as the Hadith, the sayings and actions of Prophet Muhammad. These laws specify which foods are Halal and which are Haram. For example, the Quran specifically forbids the consumption of pork in multiple verses, while the Hadith provides guidelines on the proper methods of slaughter for Halal animals.
Muslims must adhere to Islamic dietary laws to promote the health of their bodies and communities and to show deference to God. While the choice to adhere to these dietary laws is a personal expression of faith, it is crucial for Muslims to understand which foods are Haram to uphold their faith and practice.
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Fasting
The act of fasting teaches self-control and self-discipline, encouraging empathy for those less fortunate. It is a reminder of the suffering of those in need, bringing believers closer to Allah. Even those who are exempt from fasting due to health reasons are expected to participate by providing food to those who lack regular access during Ramadan. The breaking of the fast is a celebration, but it is not meant to be a gluttonous indulgence. Instead, it is a time to appreciate the availability of food and to be grateful for what was previously unavailable.
The Islamic dietary laws that govern fasting are derived from the Quran and prophetic traditions. These laws specify which foods are halal, meaning 'lawful' or 'permitted', and which are haram, meaning 'unlawful' or 'forbidden'. While the term 'halal' is often associated with meat and poultry, it also applies to food products, ingredients, food contact materials, medicines, and cosmetics. It is important for Muslims to understand ingredient lists to determine if a product is halal or haram.
In terms of food restrictions, Islam prohibits the consumption of blood and its by-products, pork and pork products, alcohol, frog, carrion, the meat of carnivores, and animals that died due to illness, injury, stunning, poisoning, or slaughtering not in the name of God. The method of slaughter for halal animals, known as dhabiha, involves a swift and deep incision to the throat with a sharp knife, cutting the windpipe, jugular veins, and carotid arteries while leaving the spinal cord intact. The animal must be acknowledged as a sentient being and slaughtered painlessly while reciting specific prayers.
In cases of extreme necessity, such as starvation or the absence of suitable sustenance, Muslims are permitted to consume haram food (non-halal) to preserve life, as this supersedes dietary limitations. This exception is known as "Darura".
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Ramadan
Fasting is one of the five pillars of Islam and is considered an act of worship bringing about nearness to God, as well as a form of spiritual discipline. It is also meant to help Muslims empathize with those less fortunate and reinforce the need to be thankful. While fasting is obligatory for all healthy adult Muslims, there are exemptions for those who are ill or whose health could be negatively impacted by fasting, such as pregnant or breastfeeding women and people with diabetes.
During Ramadan, Muslims traditionally break their fast at sundown with dates and milk, followed by a fuller meal called an iftar, which usually includes whole grains, vegetables, fruits, lean protein, and healthy fats. They then perform the evening prayer, often at the mosque, and sometimes visit family and friends. Before dawn, some Muslims also eat a pre-fast meal called suhoor or sehri, which can include more dinner-like foods.
In addition to fasting, Muslims are encouraged to increase their heart rate through at-home exercises or daily walks, limit fried and sugary foods, and focus on self-reflection and performing good deeds. The end of Ramadan is marked by Eid al-Fitr, a three-day celebration commemorating the breaking of the fast and the spiritual renewal of the month.
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Meat and poultry
Islamic dietary laws are laws that Muslims follow in their diet. The dietary laws are found in the Quran, the holy book of Islam, as well as in collections of traditions attributed to the Islamic prophet Muhammad. These laws specify which foods are halal (lawful) and which are haram (forbidden).
Islamic dietary laws also specify which animals are forbidden for Muslims to consume. This includes pork, blood, alcohol, intoxicants, meat from animals not properly slaughtered in the name of Allah, and any food sacrificed to idols. Additionally, Muslims are forbidden to consume meat from carnivores, animals that died due to illness, injury, stunning, poisoning, or those not slaughtered in the name of God (carrion). Birds of prey with talons, such as owls, eagles, and hawks, are also prohibited. While most herbivores and cud-chewing animals like cattle, deer, sheep, goats, and antelope are considered halal, they must be treated humanely and slaughtered painlessly.
The concept of halal extends beyond the type of animal to the processing and handling of meat products. Cross-contamination with haram substances is strictly prohibited. Therefore, Muslims must be cautious of non-halal ingredients in processed foods, such as animal shortenings (lard and tallow), gelatin, and other animal extracts. Even organic or free-range meat must adhere to Islamic slaughtering practices to be considered halal.
In some cases, Muslims may encounter difficulty in obtaining halal meat due to sparse certification in certain regions, such as North America. In such instances, a vegetarian or vegan approach may be a safer option to avoid consuming haram substances.
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Frequently asked questions
Muslims follow a set of dietary rules called “halal,” an Arabic term meaning “permissible.” These rules dictate which foods and drinks are allowed for Muslims to consume and are based on teachings from the Quran and the Hadith.
Halal is an Arabic word meaning "lawful" or "permissible." It is used to describe food and drink that Muslims are allowed to consume under Islamic dietary laws.
When most Muslims talk about halal, they refer to meat and poultry and whether the animals were slaughtered according to Islamic dietary laws. However, there are also organizations that certify other food products as halal.
Foods and drinks that are not permissible under Islamic dietary laws are called haram, which means "forbidden" in Arabic. In extreme cases, such as starvation, Muslims are allowed to consume haram food to maintain life, as the preservation of life supersedes dietary limitations.
Islamic dietary laws promote the health of individuals and communities. By following these laws and observing fasts and the breaking of fasts, Muslims show deference to God and reinforce their common identity.










































