Jeffrey Salazar
Helicobacter pylori (H. pylori) is a type of bacteria that infects the stomach and duodenum, causing sores and inflammation in the lining. It is a common infection, affecting around half of the world's population, and is usually passed from person to person through direct contact with saliva, vomit, or stool. While many people with H. pylori never experience symptoms, the bacteria can cause serious issues like gastritis and peptic ulcers, and in rare cases, stomach cancer. Diet is an important factor in managing H. pylori infections, as certain foods can increase stomach acid and feed the harmful bacteria, exacerbating symptoms. Conversely, some foods can help reduce stomach acid and inhibit bacterial growth, aiding in managing the infection.
| Characteristics | Values |
|---|---|
| Risk factors | Poor sanitation, inadequate hygiene practices, overcrowding, intrafamily grouping, diet, obesity, male sex |
| Preventative diet | Whole grains, roots and tubers, vegetables, mushrooms, various beans, vegetable oils, nuts, seeds, fruits |
| Diet to avoid | Carbohydrates, sweets, sausages, hamburgers, mayonnaise, soft drinks, refined grains, pickled vegetables, bacon, salted fish, salted pickled eggs, processed and cooked meat, wine, tea, fried food, coffee, tea |
| Treatment diet | Low-fat, easily digestible foods, cooked and peeled fruits or vegetables, white rice, white bread, white pasta, crackers, corn or wheat starches, omega-3 and omega-6 fatty acids, honey |
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What You'll Learn
High-fat foods to avoid
Diet plays a crucial role in managing H. pylori symptoms and preventing infection. H. pylori is a bacteria that lives in the stomach and can lead to gastritis, ulcers, stomach cancer, vitamin B12 deficiency, anemia, diabetes, and fatty liver if left untreated.
To prevent and manage H. pylori infection, it is recommended to consume low-fat, easily digestible foods. High-fat foods can slow down digestion, causing food to remain in the stomach for longer, which can worsen H. pylori symptoms. Here are some specific high-fat foods to avoid:
Fatty Meats
Fried meats, processed meats, and fatty meats such as bacon and hamburgers should be avoided. These meats have a higher fat content, which can slow digestion and increase the time food stays in the stomach. Instead, opt for lean meats, fish, or plant-based sources of protein.
Fried Foods
Fried foods, including meats, should be avoided as they are high in fat and can irritate the stomach. Frying meats can also increase the risk of contamination with H. pylori bacteria if the oil is not heated to a high enough temperature.
Dairy Products
Full-fat dairy products, such as yellow cheeses, and butter, are high in fat and should be limited or avoided. Opt for low-fat or non-fat dairy alternatives, and choose white cheeses, which tend to have a lower fat content.
Refined Grains
Refined grains, such as white bread, white rice, and white pasta, are often high in starch and low in fiber. While these may be easier to digest during a flare-up of H. pylori symptoms, they should be consumed in moderation as part of a balanced diet.
Processed Foods
Processed and canned foods, such as deli meats, often contain preservatives and additives that can irritate the stomach and increase inflammation. Choose fresh, whole foods instead.
It is important to note that everyone's dietary needs may vary, and it is always best to consult with a healthcare professional or a gastroenterologist for personalized advice and treatment options.
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Processed foods to avoid
Diet is an important risk factor for H. pylori infection. A diet high in processed foods, refined grains, sweets, soft drinks, tea, and wine is associated with an increased risk of H. pylori infection.
- Fried foods: Fried foods can irritate the stomach lining and increase inflammation. This includes foods like bacon, sausage, lard, butter, heavy cream, and fried meats.
- Refined grains: White rice, white bread, and white pasta are highly processed and can contribute to inflammation. Whole grains are a better alternative.
- Sweets: Sugar can feed harmful bacteria and increase the risk of H. pylori symptoms. Avoid candies, cakes, and other processed sweets.
- Soft drinks: Carbonated beverages, including sodas and sparkling waters, can exacerbate bloating and stomach discomfort.
- Tea and coffee: Caffeine can increase stomach acid and trigger inflammation. Herbal teas and decaffeinated drinks are better alternatives.
- Alcohol: Alcoholic beverages can irritate the stomach lining, increase acid production, and worsen H. pylori symptoms.
- Processed meats: Canned and processed meats often contain preservatives and additives that can irritate the stomach and increase inflammation.
- Pickled vegetables: Pickled vegetables are high in vinegar and salt, which can irritate the stomach and worsen symptoms.
- Salted fish and eggs: Salted and pickled fish and eggs can be high in sodium and preservatives, which can affect stomach acidity and trigger inflammation.
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Foods and drinks to strategically choose
An H. pylori diet is made up of low-fat, easily digestible foods. It is recommended to eat small but frequent meals, around 5 to 6 meals per day, and to drink fluids between, rather than during, main meals. It is also important to eat slowly and chew food thoroughly.
- Probiotics such as yoghurt, sauerkraut, and other fermented foods help stimulate the production of healthy gut flora that fights harmful bacteria. Probiotics can also be taken as a daily supplement in the form of capsules, powders, or liquids.
- Omega-3 and omega-6 fatty acids found in fish oil, olive oil, carrot seed, and grapefruit seed oil may help reduce stomach inflammation.
- Non-acidic fruits and vegetables such as berries, apples, pears, bananas, watermelon, melon, papaya, and cruciferous vegetables like broccoli. Fruits should be peeled and cooked, with seeds removed, to aid digestion.
- White meats and fish are a safe option.
- White rice, white bread, white pasta, crackers, corn, and wheat starches are easily digestible grains that are high in starch and low in fiber.
- Drinking more water can help reduce stomach inflammation and regulate intestinal transit.
- Ginger tea can help relieve morning sickness.
- White cheeses can help to reduce stomach inflammation.
- Baking soda and salt on your toothpaste can help neutralise acids in the mouth and produce more saliva, which can get rid of a metallic taste.
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Probiotics and prebiotics
Probiotics are beneficial bacteria that can be used to treat H. pylori infections. They can be used in conjunction with standard antibiotic therapy to increase the cure rate of H. pylori infections. Probiotics can also reduce the side effects of antibiotics, such as diarrhoea, by altering the intestinal microbiome.
Probiotics can competitively inhibit H. pylori, acting as bacteriostatic while improving the gut microbiome. Probiotics increase IgA production, strengthening the mucosal barrier against pathogens. They can also reduce the occurrence of side effects due to antibiotic therapy and consequently increase the H. pylori eradication rate.
Probiotics such as Lactobacillus casei, Lactobacillus reuteri, Lactobacillus rhamnosus GG, and Saccharomyces boulardii can effectively eradicate H. pylori infection. Probiotics can be found in foods such as yoghurt, or they can be taken as a supplement.
Prebiotics are a type of fibre that acts as food for probiotics. Prebiotics help to stimulate the growth of probiotics, which can be beneficial in treating H. pylori infections. Prebiotics can be found in foods such as whole grains, fruits, and vegetables.
In addition to probiotics and prebiotics, other dietary factors can influence H. pylori infections. A diet high in refined grains, sweets, sausages, and soft drinks is associated with an increased risk of infection. On the other hand, a diet rich in whole grains, fruits, and vegetables is associated with a decreased risk.
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Foods to eat in moderation
Diet plays a crucial role in managing H. pylori infection. While certain foods can help alleviate symptoms, others can aggravate them. Here are some foods that individuals with H. pylori infection should eat in moderation:
Grains
Whole grains, such as brown rice, whole wheat bread, and whole grain pasta, are rich in fibre and provide essential nutrients. However, during an active H. pylori infection, it is recommended to opt for more easily digestible, refined grains like white rice, white bread, and white pasta. These refined grains are lower in fibre, which can help reduce digestive irritation. Once symptoms subside and the infection clears, whole grains can be gradually reintroduced.
Fruits and Vegetables
Fruits and vegetables are essential components of a healthy diet, offering a plethora of vitamins, minerals, and antioxidants. However, during an H. pylori infection, it is advisable to consume fruits and vegetables in moderation, opting for peeled and cooked varieties. Cooking and peeling reduce the fibre content, making them easier to digest. Cruciferous vegetables like broccoli, cauliflower, and cabbage are particularly beneficial due to their anti-inflammatory and anti-bacterial properties.
Dairy
Dairy products can be a good source of probiotics, which promote healthy digestion and reduce side effects associated with conventional H. pylori treatments. Fermented dairy, such as yogurt, kefir, and buttermilk, are excellent sources of probiotics. However, it is important to note that some individuals may experience discomfort or intolerance to dairy, especially during an H. pylori infection. Therefore, moderation is key, and it is advisable to consult a healthcare professional for personalised guidance.
Meat
Meats can be a source of protein, but they should be consumed in moderation during an H. pylori infection. Fried meats and processed meats, such as deli meats, bacon, and sausages, should be avoided as they can increase inflammation and irritate the stomach. Instead, opt for lean, unprocessed meats in moderate portions.
Beverages
Beverages like coffee, tea, and carbonated drinks can irritate the stomach and increase acidity. Therefore, it is advisable to consume these in moderation or opt for herbal teas, which can be soothing. Alcohol consumption is also associated with an increased risk of H. pylori infection, so moderation is crucial.
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Frequently asked questions
H. pylori, or Helicobacter pylori, is a common type of bacteria that infects the stomach and duodenum (upper part of the small intestine). It is usually passed from person to person through direct contact with saliva, vomit, or stool, and can also be spread through contaminated food or water. H. pylori is a leading cause of peptic ulcers and a risk factor for certain types of stomach cancer.
Diet is an important risk factor for H. pylori infection. A diet high in carbohydrates, sweets, sausages, hamburgers, mayonnaise, soft drinks, and refined grains has been positively associated with H. pylori infection. In contrast, a diet rich in fruits and vegetables, whole grains, roots and tubers, mushrooms, beans, vegetable oils, nuts, and seeds is associated with a decreased risk of infection.
Fried foods, fatty meats, coffee, tea, soft drinks, and processed foods should be reduced or avoided during an H. pylori infection. These foods can irritate the stomach, increase inflammation, and slow down digestion, worsening the symptoms of the infection.
Probiotics, found in yogurt and sauerkraut, are beneficial during an H. pylori infection as they stimulate the production of healthy gut bacteria. Omega-3 and omega-6 fatty acids, found in fish oil, olive oil, carrot seed oil, and grapefruit seed oil, can help reduce stomach inflammation. Cruciferous vegetables such as broccoli, cauliflower, kale, and cabbage are also recommended due to their anti-inflammatory and anti-bacterial properties.
