The ketogenic diet is a low-carb, high-fat eating plan that has gained traction in recent years as a quick and effective way to lose weight. However, it can also lead to some unfortunate gastrointestinal side effects, such as keto diarrhea. Keto diarrhea is characterised by loose, watery stools and is caused by the body's difficulty in adjusting to the high-fat content of the diet. The high-fat content can also lead to an increase in bile production, which acts as a natural laxative and can contribute to diarrhea. Additionally, artificial sweeteners and sugar alcohols commonly used in keto products can also lead to digestive issues. While keto diarrhea tends to resolve with time, it is important to stay hydrated and consult a doctor if symptoms persist or become severe.
Characteristics | Values |
---|---|
High fat content | Takes longer to break down in the body than carbs or protein |
Lack of fibre | Fibre is important for colonic health |
Artificial sweeteners | Can cause bloating and diarrhea when consumed in excess |
Changes to gut microbiome | Can lead to increased frequency of diarrhea and other nasty side effects |
Electrolyte imbalance | Can lead to dehydration |
What You'll Learn
High fat content
The high fat content of the keto diet can cause keto diarrhea. This is because fat takes longer to break down in the body than carbohydrates or protein. When you suddenly start eating a lot of fat, your digestive system may struggle to keep up. Some of the fat may not be broken down properly and may be excreted in your stool, leading to steatorrhea, a type of diarrhea caused by too much fat in the stool.
The high fat content of the keto diet can also lead to other gastrointestinal symptoms, such as nausea and bloating. This is because the body has to produce more bile to break down the fat, and bile is a natural laxative. An excessive amount of bile may push waste through the digestive tract faster than usual, leading to diarrhea.
In addition, the high fat content of the keto diet may be hard for some people to digest, especially if they are not used to consuming a lot of fat. This can lead to digestive issues such as diarrhea, bloating, and gas.
The high fat content of the keto diet can also affect the gut microbiome. Some studies have found that high-fat diets can cause inflammation of the digestive tract, a decrease in healthy fatty acids, and unfavourable changes in the gut microbiome. These changes in the gut microbiome may also lead to diarrhea and other gastrointestinal issues.
To relieve the symptoms of high fat content-related keto diarrhea, it is recommended to add more fibre to your diet, drink more water and electrolytes, and slowly increase the amount of fatty food you consume.
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Lack of fibre
The keto diet is a low-carbohydrate, high-fat diet. It involves restricting carb intake so that the body switches from burning glucose for energy to burning fat, including stored body fat. This shift in metabolism is known as ketosis.
One common side effect of the keto diet is diarrhoea, which can be caused by a sudden lack of fibre in the diet. Fibre is important for colonic health and helps the organ function effectively. Fibre adds bulk to the stool and helps the colon work like a muscle to move things through more easily.
When you follow the keto diet, you're likely to be eating less fibre, as it comes from carbs like fruits, legumes, starchy foods, and grains. A decrease in fibre intake can lead to diarrhoea, as well as other gut-related problems like changes to the gut microbiome. The gut microbiome plays an important role in immune and metabolic function and may also be linked to disease prevention.
How to Increase Fibre Intake on the Keto Diet
If you're experiencing diarrhoea on the keto diet, you can try increasing your fibre intake by eating more fibre-rich, keto-friendly foods. Some high-fibre options include:
- Non-starchy vegetables like broccoli, artichokes, and collard greens
- Fat sources like avocado and nuts
- Fermented foods like sauerkraut and kimchi
- Whole-food "supplements" like chia seeds and ground flaxseed
You can also try taking a fibre supplement, but it's important to note that it's difficult to get all the fibre you need from supplements alone.
In addition to increasing fibre intake, staying hydrated is crucial for moving things along. It's recommended that women consume 91 ounces of fluid daily, while men should aim for 125 ounces.
If you're experiencing diarrhoea or other gastrointestinal issues on the keto diet, it's important to consult with a healthcare professional. They can help you determine if the keto diet is appropriate for you and offer guidance on how to manage any side effects.
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Artificial sweeteners
Some artificial sweeteners to look out for include sorbitol, maltitol, and xylitol. These are often found in keto-friendly products and desserts, which, when consumed in large quantities, can cause an upset stomach and diarrhea.
If you are experiencing diarrhea, it is recommended to cut back on foods and beverages that contain these artificial sweeteners and sugar substitutes.
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Gut microbiome changes
The keto diet can cause changes to the gut microbiome, which can lead to gastrointestinal issues such as diarrhea. The gut microbiome refers to the microorganisms in the gastrointestinal tract, mainly consisting of bacteria that are important for health.
A 2019 study found that diets high in fat might cause inflammation of the digestive tract, a decrease in healthy fatty acids, and unfavourable changes in the gut microbiome. However, it is important to note that more high-quality research is needed to determine the exact effects of the keto diet on gut health.
The high-fat content of the keto diet can be difficult for the body to digest, leading to potential malabsorption of fats. This can result in steatorrhea, a type of diarrhea caused by excess fat in the stool. The sudden lack of fiber that comes with reducing carbohydrate intake can also contribute to diarrhea.
Artificial sweeteners and sugar alcohols, commonly consumed by those on the keto diet, can also lead to digestive issues. These non-nutritive sugars are not effectively absorbed in the gut and can have a laxative effect when they reach the large intestine undigested.
Additionally, the keto diet's restriction of carbohydrates can reduce the intake of fibre-rich foods like fruits, vegetables, whole grains, and legumes. Fibre is important for colonic health and promotes the growth of good bacteria in the gut. A diet low in fibre can lead to digestive issues and increase the risk of constipation.
The gut microbiome may also play a role in disease prevention and progression. Research in animals and some human data suggests that high-fat diets lead to rapid and significant changes in the microbiome, but the long-term health implications of these changes are not yet fully understood.
Overall, the keto diet's impact on the gut microbiome can lead to gastrointestinal issues, including diarrhea, and it is important to be aware of these potential side effects when considering this diet.
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Malabsorption
There are a few reasons why malabsorption occurs on the keto diet:
- High-fat content: The keto diet includes a very high amount of fat, which takes longer for the body to break down and digest. This can be difficult for the body to adjust to, especially if someone is used to eating a lower-fat diet.
- Artificial sweeteners and sugar alcohols: These are often consumed in larger amounts on the keto diet as people try to find low-carb alternatives. However, because they are not effectively absorbed in the gut, they can have a laxative effect, leading to diarrhea.
- Changes in gut microbiome: The keto diet can also impact the composition of the gut microbiome, which is linked to digestion. Some studies have found that the keto diet can cause changes in gut bacteria, leading to poor digestion and diarrhea.
- Lack of fiber: The keto diet is also very low in fiber, which is important for colonic health and regular bowel movements. A lack of fiber can lead to constipation, but it can also contribute to diarrhea if fiber-rich foods are suddenly replaced with high-fat foods.
To help alleviate malabsorption and keto diarrhea, it is recommended to:
- Add more fiber to the diet, through keto-friendly foods such as citrus, berries, avocado, broccoli, and chia seeds.
- Drink more water and electrolytes to stay hydrated and replace lost fluids.
- Slowly increase fatty food intake and decrease foods containing sugar alcohols.
- Introduce more vegetables and keto-friendly fruits to help form more solid bowel movements.
- Consult with a dietician to review the diet and make any necessary changes.
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Frequently asked questions
Keto coffee is a drink that is part of the keto diet. It is typically made with coffee, coconut oil, butter, and heavy cream.
Yes, keto coffee can cause diarrhea due to the high amount of fat in the drink. The fat can be hard to digest and may cause digestive issues such as diarrhea. Additionally, the artificial sweeteners and sugar alcohols found in keto products can also lead to diarrhea.
To prevent diarrhea from keto coffee, you can try reducing the amount of fat in the drink, such as by decreasing the amount of coconut oil or butter. You can also try leaving out the cream or replacing it with more butter. Drinking the coffee with food instead of on an empty stomach may also help.