The History Of Meat In Man's Diet

when did god add meat to man

The Bible suggests that God added meat to man's diet after the flood, as described in Genesis. Before the flood, God told Adam and Eve that plants were given to them as food. Genesis 1:29-30 supports this, stating that every plant yielding seed and every tree with seed in its fruit would be food for both humans and animals. However, after the flood, God told Noah that every moving thing that lives shall be food for you, marking a shift in man's relationship with animals and the first explicit mention of meat in their diet.

Characteristics Values
When did God allow meat in man's diet? After the flood, when Noah and his family came out of the ark to a barren world with nothing to subsist on.
What did God say? "Be fruitful and multiply and fill the earth. The fear of you and the dread of you shall be upon every beast of the earth and upon every bird of the heavens, upon everything that creeps on the ground and all the fish of the sea. Into your hand they are delivered. Every moving thing that lives shall be food for you. And as I gave you the green plants, I give you everything."
What was man's original diet? Plant-based or vegan
What was the reason for the change in diet? There was no more plant-based food on earth for Noah's family to survive on.
Were there any restrictions on the consumption of meat? Yes, God spoke to Moses and told him which meats could be eaten and which couldn't; in other words, which meat was clean and which was unclean.
Was meat-eating allowed before the flood? There is no clear evidence, but some sources suggest that meat was consumed before the flood, while others claim that it was not permitted until after the flood.

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Adam and Eve's original diet

According to Genesis 1:29, God intended for Adam and Eve to eat a plant-based diet. God said:

> Behold, I have given you every plant yielding seed that is on the face of the earth, and every tree with seed in its fruit. You shall have them for food.

This diet included fruits, grains, nuts, and vegetables. Some sources claim that herbs were also included in this diet. Notably, God also said that the plants would serve as food for the animals, suggesting that neither humans nor animals were intended to eat meat in God's original design.

However, it is worth noting that some theologians interpret the distinction between "clean" and "unclean" animals in the Bible as an indication that humans were permitted to eat certain animals. Genesis 4 mentions Abel's offering of the "firstborn of his flock and their fat portions," which some interpret as suggesting that Abel ate meat. Nevertheless, it is important to recognize that the consumption of meat by humans is only introduced explicitly after the flood when God tells Noah:

> Every moving thing that liveth shall be meat for you; even as the green herb have I given you all things.

This shift in man's relationship with animals indicates that meat consumption was not part of God's original plan for Adam and Eve's diet, but rather a consequence of the fall and the subsequent flood.

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Genesis 9:2-3

This passage has been interpreted as God's permission for mankind to eat meat. The relevant verse, Genesis 9:3, reads: "Every moving thing that lives shall be food for you. And as I gave you the green plants, I give you everything".

However, this permission came with a restriction: meat with its lifeblood still in it was prohibited, as stated in Genesis 9:4: "But you must not eat meat that has its lifeblood still in it". This restriction was likely due to spiritual and physical reasons, teaching respect for the sacredness of life and for health reasons, as consuming raw or undercooked meat can lead to disease.

There is some debate as to whether meat consumption was allowed before the Flood. Some sources argue that meat was already approved for eating before the Flood, as indicated in Genesis 7:2: "Take with you seven pairs—male and female—of each animal I have approved for eating and for sacrifice, and take one pair of each of the others". Additionally, the mention of livestock in Genesis 4:20 suggests that meat consumption may have occurred before the Flood, though it is unclear if the meat was eaten.

Others argue that meat-eating was only permitted after the Flood, as Genesis 9:3 can be interpreted as a renewal of God's original command, rather than a new instruction. This interpretation is supported by the fact that God did not explicitly forbid the consumption of meat before the Flood, and that meat may have been consumed during sacrifices after the Fall, as suggested in Genesis 4:3-4 and Leviticus 3:9.

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The Fall

The Book of Genesis states that God gave humans every plant yielding seed and every tree with fruit, and that this was to be their food. This is supported by biologists who note that the primate jaw and teeth are suited to a herbivorous diet. This suggests that God's original design was for humans to be vegetarian, and that carnivory was a later introduction.

However, there is debate about when this introduction occurred. Some interpret Genesis as stating that meat-eating was only permitted after the Fall, as a punishment, or as a necessity due to the barrenness of the world after the flood. This interpretation is supported by Genesis 9:1-3, where God tells Noah and his family, after the flood, that "every moving thing that lives shall be food for you". This is the first explicit statement in the Bible that moving things can be eaten.

Other interpretations suggest that meat-eating was already occurring before the flood, and that the distinction between clean and unclean animals in Genesis 7:2 implies that meat was being eaten. It is also noted that Abel, in Genesis 4:4, kept flocks and offered the fat portions as a sacrifice to God. This could suggest that Abel ate meat, or at the very least, that he recognised the need for blood sacrifice to atone for sin.

The question of when God added meat to man's diet is a complex one, and the narrative of The Fall is just one part of this interpretation.

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Clean and unclean animals

The Bible makes a clear distinction between clean and unclean animals, with God instructing humans to only eat certain animals. This distinction is made in Genesis 1:29-30, where God says: "Behold, I have given you every plant yielding seed...and every tree...with seed in its fruit. You shall have them for food".

The Bible suggests that initially, God intended for both humans and animals to follow a vegetarian diet. However, after the flood, God tells Noah that "every moving thing that lives shall be food for you". This marks a shift in man's relationship with animals, indicating that meat can now be consumed.

The Old Testament, specifically Leviticus 11 and Deuteronomy 14, provides guidelines for distinguishing between clean and unclean animals. Clean animals, which are suitable for human consumption, include those that chew the cud and have split hooves, such as cattle, sheep, goats, deer, and gazelle. Birds like chickens, turkeys, and pheasants are also considered clean.

On the other hand, unclean animals are those that scavenge or eat carrion. This includes pigs, camels, rabbits, and certain birds like vultures, owls, and hawks. Insects are generally considered unclean, except for locusts, crickets, and grasshoppers. Sea creatures that dwell on the bottom of the ocean, such as lobsters and crabs, are also considered unclean due to their consumption of decaying matter.

It is important to note that the distinction between clean and unclean animals is not just about dietary restrictions. These categories also have ceremonial and ritual implications, with certain animals being designated as suitable or unsuitable for sacrifice.

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Nachmanides' objections

Nachmanides explains that, at man's creation, he was not allowed to kill animals for food. This was because animals possess a degree of life and sentience similar to humans. They have awareness, understanding, and the ability to run from danger. Therefore, it was inappropriate to kill them for man's pleasure. However, man was allowed to slaughter an animal as a sacrifice to God, as Abel did. This was not just taking an animal life for a human one, but devoting it to God, bringing it to a higher state.

According to Nachmanides, man was also permitted to eat the meat of an animal that died of natural causes, except for a limb severed from a live animal. This interpretation is supported by Genesis 1:29-30, which states that God gave humans and animals green plants as food. The text suggests that all life depends on vegetation, and God provides for all.

Nachmanides' objection to meat-eating before the Fall is based on the belief that animals have a level of consciousness and should not be killed for human pleasure or sustenance. This interpretation is further supported by the distinction between clean and unclean animals in the Torah, which suggests that not all animals were meant for human consumption.

However, some argue that man's dominion over animals included the right to kill and consume them. They point to the Hebrew words "subdue" and "rule" in Genesis 1:28 as evidence. Nachmanides might counter this objection by emphasizing the spiritual decline of humanity before the Flood, as mentioned in Sefer Ha'Ikkarim. People began acting like animals, blurring the distinction between human and animal souls. God then permitted humans to eat animals to emphasize the fundamental difference between them.

Nachmanides' interpretation of the Bible suggests that carnivory was not part of God's original design and that meat-eating became permissible after the Fall or the Flood. This interpretation is supported by various biblical passages and the idea that the world had become more physical and less sanctified after these events.

Frequently asked questions

The Bible suggests that God did not intend for man to eat meat. Genesis 1:29-30 says, "I have given you every plant yielding seed [...] and every tree [...] with fruit. [...] Even the green plant I have given [...] for food".

Genesis 9:1-3 suggests that God allowed man to eat meat after the flood when he told Noah, "every moving thing that lives shall be food for you".

After the flood, there was no more plant-based food on earth for Noah's family to survive on. It was necessary for them to eat animal flesh.

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