
When people ask me how my diet is going, I tell them about the time I went on an all-seal meat diet. I would consume nothing but the food of seals: fish, squid, octopus, and shellfish. I would hunt like a seal, using my whiskers to detect prey through vibrations in the dark waters. I would swim at speeds of 20 miles per hour, diving deep to find my next meal. I would even drink only the half-fat milk of mother seals, which helped me grow strong and rapid. My diet was the talk of the town, and people would often ask me how it was going, to which I would reply, I'm feeling fin-tastic!
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What You'll Learn

Seals' primary food sources
Seals are carnivores, and their diet is influenced by their environment, the available prey, and individual preferences. While their diets vary based on species and location, some common themes run through their culinary preferences. Seals have a strong preference for fatty fish, which provide them with the essential energy they need for their active lives in cold waters. These fatty fish include herring, sand lance, cod, flatfish, and lesser sandeel.
Seals also consume a range of shellfish, crustaceans, and molluscs. Some seal species, such as the leopard seal, have a more specialised diet, which can include penguins, seabirds, and even other seals, in addition to fish and krill. Harbour seals, for example, are known to eat a wide variety of fish, including rockfish, flounder, salmon, hake, and squid.
The availability of certain foods and seasonal variations in prey populations also play a crucial role in what seals eat. For instance, during salmon spawning seasons, seals may predominantly feed on salmon, while at other times, they might rely more on sand lance or herring.
Young seal pups initially rely on their mother's milk and instinctively know how to swim and hunt for food. As they grow and learn to hunt for themselves, they start by eating small fish and crustaceans, gradually expanding their diet as they gain experience. Seals do not chew their food; instead, they swallow their prey whole or tear large prey into chunks, using their powerful back molars to crush their food into smaller pieces.
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How seal pups are fed
Seal pups are fed milk by their mothers, which is incredibly rich in fat—almost 50%—allowing the pups to grow rapidly. Harbor seal pups are born at about half a meter long and weighing about 16 kilograms. By the time they are weaned at 4 to 6 weeks old, they will have doubled their birth weight. Seal mothers are very caring and affectionate towards their pups, and they feed them frequently. The pups do not feed themselves during this time, and when the mothers go to the water to feed, the pups are left alone.
Seal pups are able to swim almost immediately after birth and can stay underwater for 2 minutes when they are 2 days old. They instinctively know how to swim and reach the water, and they learn to hunt for their own food quickly by imitating their mothers. Seals find their food in the water around them, consuming fish, squid, octopus, and shellfish. They use their flippers to move through the water with ease and can dive very far down to find food, up to 3,000 feet. They do not chew their food, even though they have sharp teeth, and they do not drink water, getting their hydration from the food they consume.
Seal pups are born in large groups, known as rookeries, which offer safety in numbers. While some seals rest or nurse their young, others are on high alert for predators. However, disturbances in the rookery can cause abandonment if the mother does not feel safe or has not yet bonded with her newborn. Pups that are scared back into the water waste precious calories and become more vulnerable to predators. They need to rest undisturbed so they can build up their strength and blubber layer, which provides fat calories for energy and helps keep them warm.
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Seals' physical characteristics that help them find prey
Seals have evolved over millions of years to adapt to their marine environment, and their physical characteristics are well-suited to finding and catching prey.
One of the most important adaptations is their whiskers, or vibrissae, which are highly sensitive and can detect the slightest vibrations and movements in the water. This ability to 'feel' the water means that seals can effectively ''see'' in turbulent or murky waters where visibility is poor, allowing them to locate and identify prey. The vibrissae can help seals determine the size and shape of their prey, and they can detect prey from up to 100 meters away.
Seals are also well-adapted to seeing underwater. Their eyes have round lenses and a large iris that fully opens when submerged, providing good vision. On land, the iris closes the pupil to a pinpoint, allowing the seal to see clearly, though not as sharply as underwater. Seals also have a lining in their eyes that reflects and amplifies light in deep, low-light conditions, similar to a cat's eye. This adaptation further enhances their ability to see in dark waters.
Seals are efficient swimmers, reaching speeds of 35 kilometers per hour in the water. They can swim in various positions, including on their back, belly, or even upside down. Their front flippers act as paddles, while their body and hind fins provide propulsion. Seals can also dive to great depths, reaching hundreds of meters, and they can reduce their heart rate significantly during a dive, from 40 beats per minute to less than 1 beat per minute. This adaptation helps them stay underwater for extended periods, aiding in hunting and foraging.
Additionally, seals have excellent hearing, both above and below the water. They can detect high-pitched sounds well above the range of human hearing, which likely helps them perceive their surroundings and locate prey or threats.
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How seals move underwater when feeding
So, how's the diet going? Seal-ingly well, I hope! Now, let's talk about how these graceful creatures move underwater when feeding.
Seals are incredibly well-adapted to life in the sea, and their bodies are designed for long and deep dives. They use their front flippers as paddles and their hind fins for propulsion, allowing them to glide through the water with ease as they hunt for prey. These adaptable creatures can also regulate their body temperature, keeping their flippers out of the water when it's cold to retain heat and letting them dangle when they need to cool off.
Seals are skilled divers and can reach impressive depths of hundreds of meters, with some seals diving up to 3,000 feet. During the first few minutes of a dive, they actively swim downwards, and then they enter a gliding phase, allowing them to sink even deeper. Their bodies are built for this, as they can absorb more oxygen in their blood than humans and significantly lower their heart rate, sometimes to less than one beat per minute. This adaptation means they can stay underwater for extended periods without needing to breathe frequently.
When it comes to finding food, seals are equipped with whiskers that help them locate prey in turbid waters. They can sense the slightest movements and can effectively 'see' fish up to 100 meters away, even in turbulent waters. Seals don't have a preference for a specific fish species, but they usually go for fish that live close to the seabed, such as flatfish, lesser sandeel, and cod.
Seals are efficient eaters and consume a large amount of food each day, sometimes up to 5% of their body weight. They don't chew their food, even though they have sharp teeth, and instead tear large pieces into chunks that they can swallow. They don't drink water, as they get their hydration from the fish they eat.
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How often seals feed
Seals are semi-aquatic creatures, meaning they spend a portion of each day on land and in the water. They do not eat on land, finding their food in the water that surrounds them. Seals are carnivorous, and their primary food source is fish, but they will eat almost any type of meat they can find in the water, including squid, octopus, and shellfish. They also eat crustaceans, crushing shells with their back molars.
Seals are able to dive extremely far down when hunting for food—some can dive up to 3,000 feet. They are graceful swimmers, moving at speeds of around 20 miles per hour. They have very sensitive ears and can hear their prey from far away. They also have sensitive whiskers, which they use to feel vibrations from swimming prey. Blind seals are still able to hunt and feed without sight. Seals have good vision underwater, better than in bright light above water. Their eyes are adapted with round lenses and a large iris that fully opens underwater.
Seals eat a lot of food each day, and it can take them many hours to feed. They consume up to 5-6% of their body weight, which is about 4.5-8.2 kg (10-18 lb.). They do not chew their food, instead swallowing it whole or tearing it into chunks. Seals get all the water they need from their food, and their bodies are very efficient at removing and recycling water from their food. They avoid drinking seawater as it can make them seriously ill.
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Frequently asked questions
The meme is referencing the fact that seals are often perceived as fat, and thus when someone asks how your diet is going, they are asking how much weight you have lost.
Seals consume a large amount of food each day, up to 5% of their overall body weight. They feed on fish, as well as squid, octopus, and shellfish.
Seals use their whiskers, which are very sensitive to movement and vibrations, to locate their prey even in dark waters. They also have good eyesight and can see their prey during the day and at night. Additionally, they have very sensitive ears that can hear their prey from far away.
Seals spend many hours feeding each day and can dive very far into the water to find food. Some seals can dive up to 3,000 feet.
Seal pups are initially fed gallons of half-fat milk by their mothers, which helps them grow rapidly. When the mothers can no longer fend off their hunger, they leave their pups alone to feed in the water, and the pups instinctively know how to swim and hunt for food.










































