Madeleine Hull
A raw food diet for dogs is a controversial topic. While some dog owners believe that raw food is the best option for their pets, others argue that it can be dangerous and unhealthy. Raw diets for dogs typically consist of raw meat, bones, fruits, and vegetables. Proponents of raw diets claim that it is a more natural option that provides their dogs with a healthier body condition, higher energy levels, a shinier coat, and improved dental health. On the other hand, opponents argue that raw diets can be unsafe due to the presence of harmful bacteria, such as Salmonella and Listeria, and the risk of nutritional deficiencies. They recommend commercially prepared, conventional, complete, and balanced dog food instead.
| Characteristics | Values |
|---|---|
| Diet composition | 60-80% raw, meaty bones and 20-40% fruits and veggies, meat, eggs, and dairy, along with supplements |
| Diet type | Biologically Appropriate Raw Food (BARF) or "prey-model" diet |
| Benefits | Shinier coat, more energy, less smelly poo, healthier body condition, higher energy levels, cleaner teeth, normal bowel movements, fewer health problems |
| Risks | Nutritional deficiencies, harmful bacteria, parasites, gastrointestinal tract perforation or obstruction, dental fractures, food allergies |
| Preparation | Defrost food safely in a sealed container in the fridge, wash hands after handling raw food, disinfect surfaces, use separate dishes and storage containers |
| Commercially available | Frozen raw dog food, freeze-dried raw dog food |
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What You'll Learn
The benefits of raw meat diets for dogs
A raw meat diet for dogs, also known as RMBD, has been a topic of debate among veterinarians and pet owners. While some argue that it is a natural and healthy option for dogs, others raise concerns about potential health risks and nutritional imbalances. Here are some of the perceived benefits of feeding a raw meat diet to dogs:
Health and Nutrition
RMBDs are believed to improve dogs' overall health and nutrition. Dogs on raw diets tend to have healthier body conditions, higher energy levels, shinier coats, cleaner teeth, and normal bowel movements. The raw diet is often considered closer to what dogs' ancestors ate before domestication, which includes raw, meaty bones and vegetable scraps. Proponents of RMBDs argue that it helps avoid the harmful effects of processing, additives, and preservatives found in commercial dog food, which may increase the risk of certain cancers.
Fewer Allergies and Food Sensitivities
RMBDs are often used to address food allergies and sensitivities in dogs, especially to common meats like chicken and beef. Commercial raw diets with limited ingredients can help identify and avoid specific allergens.
Improved Breath and Dental Health
Raw diets are said to improve dogs' breath by reducing the bacteria that cause bad breath. Recreational raw bones can also help clean plaque and tartar, providing jaw exercise and mental stimulation.
Immune System Benefits
A raw diet is argued to reduce inflammation caused by inappropriate ingredients, allowing the dog's immune system to focus on fighting illnesses and maintaining health.
Stool Quality
Dogs on raw diets are reported to have less smelly and healthier stools, which may be due to the high-protein, low-carbohydrate content of RMBDs.
While these perceived benefits exist, it is important to consult a veterinary nutritionist before making any significant dietary changes for your dog, as nutritional imbalances can occur in RMBDs, and there are potential health risks associated with raw meat.
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The risks of raw meat diets for dogs
While raw meat diets for dogs can have benefits, there are also risks to be aware of. One of the biggest concerns is the presence of harmful bacteria, such as Salmonella and Listeria monocytogenes, which can cause serious illnesses in both dogs and humans. In fact, a study found that out of 196 raw pet food samples, 15 tested positive for Salmonella and 32 for L. monocytogenes. This poses a risk not only to the dog but also to the people handling and preparing the food, as the bacteria can be easily spread through direct contact or contaminated surfaces.
Another risk associated with raw meat diets for dogs is the potential for nutritional deficiencies. It can be challenging and time-consuming to create a perfectly balanced raw diet that meets all the nutritional needs of a dog. Without the help of a specialist in pet nutrition, homemade raw diets may lack essential nutrients, leading to health issues in dogs. Additionally, raw diets may not always be suitable for dogs with certain health conditions or those taking immune-suppressing medications.
The inclusion of bones in raw diets also presents hazards. Bones can get stuck in a dog's stomach or cause blockages or perforations in the gastrointestinal tract. Chewing on bones can also lead to dental fractures and stomach pain due to their high calcium content. Even cooked bones are not recommended, as they can splinter and damage a dog's internal organs.
While some owners report improvements in their dog's health and energy levels on a raw meat diet, there are no clinically proven benefits over traditional dog food. The apparent advantages, such as a glossier coat and increased energy, can often be achieved by simply feeding a balanced, age-appropriate diet. It is important to consult a veterinarian or a specialist in pet nutrition before making any significant changes to a dog's diet.
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How to prepare raw meat for dogs
Preparing raw meat for dogs requires careful consideration of the ingredients, their sources, and the safety precautions necessary to protect yourself and your pet. Here is a detailed guide on how to prepare raw meat for dogs:
Ingredients and Sources:
When preparing raw meat for dogs, it is essential to use high-quality fresh, and preferably organic, wild, or free-range meat. This ensures that your dog receives optimal nutrition from the raw diet. Suitable meats include chicken, beef, lamb, venison, rabbit, turkey, and pork. These can be minced or diced. It is important to note that liver should not exceed 10% of the total diet, and beef liver should be avoided if the cattle have been fed rape.
In addition to meat, a raw diet for dogs can include raw meaty bones, which provide vital nutrients, ensure healthy teeth, and promote firm stools. However, it is crucial to exercise caution with bones, as they can pose a choking hazard or cause fractures in your dog's teeth.
To complement the meat and bones, grate or process raw vegetables (excluding potato) to add to the mixture. Vegetables provide essential fibre, minerals, and antioxidants that are not found in meat alone. Cheese, probiotic yoghurt, goat's milk, and small amounts of cottage cheese can also be included.
Proportions and Frequency:
A general guideline for the amount of raw food to feed your dog is around 2-4% of its body weight. For example, a 23 kg dog should be fed around 450 grams of raw food. It is important to monitor your dog's weight and adjust the portions accordingly.
When it comes to feeding frequency, it is recommended to feed raw meals twice daily to prevent overfeeding. This, along with the high protein and low carbohydrate content of the raw diet, contributes to maintaining a healthy body condition for your dog.
Safety Precautions:
When preparing raw meat for dogs, it is crucial to follow safe food handling practices to protect yourself and your family from potential pathogens. Here are some key safety precautions:
- Create a dedicated area in your kitchen for preparing raw pet food. If space is limited, be diligent with cleaning and sanitizing counters, utensils, chopping boards, and surrounding areas after each use.
- Avoid rinsing raw meat, as this can spread harmful bacteria around your kitchen.
- Store meat intended for your dog separately in a sealed container at the bottom of the fridge.
- Always wash your hands with soap and warm water before and after handling raw meat and meat products.
- Once the raw meal is prepared, it should be fed to your dog within a reasonable amount of time to prevent bacterial growth.
- Wash your dog's food and water bowls with hot water and dishwashing liquid after each use.
- Inform your veterinarian about your dog's raw diet to ensure they are aware of your pet's nutritional needs and any potential risks.
By following these guidelines, you can safely prepare raw meat for your dog, providing them with a nutritious and natural diet. However, it is important to remember that not all dogs may thrive on a raw diet, and it is always best to consult with a veterinarian specializing in pet nutrition to determine the most suitable diet for your dog's individual needs.
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Commercially available raw dog food
There are several companies that provide raw dog food, including Raw Dog Food and Company, and We Feed Raw. Raw Dog Food and Company offers a balanced raw diet for all dog life stages, with the option to pick up orders or have them delivered. We Feed Raw also offers a balanced raw diet, formulated by a PhD animal nutritionist, and uses high-pressure processing (HPP) to ensure food safety. HPP is a USDA-approved method that neutralises pathogens such as Salmonella, E. coli, Listeria, and bird flu.
Commercial raw dog food is available in frozen or freeze-dried form. Frozen raw dog food is made from approximately 80% meat, 10% organs, and 10% ground bones, and provides a minimally processed, nutrient-rich meal. Freeze-dried raw food is more expensive due to the additional processing but offers the convenience of a shelf-stable, lightweight format that is ideal for travel and storage.
When choosing a commercially available raw dog food, it is important to consider the cost and the amount of food required for your dog. Some companies may offer larger bags that can last for a month, while others may provide pre-packaged raw food for two or four weeks. It is also important to prioritise food safety when handling raw dog food, including safely defrosting and storing food, sanitising surfaces, and washing hands after handling.
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Homemade raw dog food
Raw dog food diets are becoming increasingly popular, with many pet owners reporting a range of benefits, from glossier coats to higher energy levels. Preparing raw dog food at home can be a big step, but it gives you more control over your dog's diet and ensures that they receive fresh, species-appropriate food. Here are some things to keep in mind and a few simple recipes to get you started.
Benefits of Raw Dog Food
Raw dog food is often considered a more "natural" option for dog owners who want to avoid highly processed kibble or canned food. While there are no studies proving the benefits of raw diets over traditional dog food, raw food can provide a more biochemically complex diet with higher levels of certain antioxidants such as vitamins C and E. Additionally, raw diets can help improve dental health, as recreational raw bones can naturally clean plaque and tartar while providing jaw exercise and mental stimulation.
Safety Considerations
When preparing raw dog food at home, it is essential to prioritise food safety to avoid bacterial contamination. Always use a sealed container to defrost raw meat in the fridge, and never microwave it to speed up the process, as this can create unsafe hot spots. Once defrosted, raw meat should be consumed within 24 hours and never refrozen. Wash your hands after touching your dog, as their saliva and faeces can contain more bacteria when fed a raw diet.
Ingredients
When creating a raw dog food diet, it is important to use high-quality, ethically sourced, and, if possible, organic, wild, and/or free-range meat and vegetables. This will ensure your dog receives optimal nutrition and avoid potential health risks associated with low-quality ingredients. Aim for a variety of meats and vegetables, and consider including organ meats and fish for additional nutrients.
Recipes
Recipe 1: Raw Beef & Chicken Neck
- Raw beef and chicken neck
- Omega-3 supplement
- Bone meal (locally sourced and food-grade)
Recipe 2: Chicken Thighs with Vegetables
- Fresh chicken thighs (with some cartilage and bone)
- Grated raw vegetables (excluding potato)
- Cod liver oil or other oils like coconut, flaxseed, or pumpkin seed
- Cloves of crushed raw garlic (optional, for parasite control)
Portion Size
The portion size will depend on your dog's weight, age, exercise level, and other factors. A 10kg adult dog, for example, typically requires 250g of fresh/raw dog food per day. It is important to use a dog food calculator or consult a veterinarian to ensure you are not overfeeding your dog.
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Frequently asked questions
A raw meat diet is considered to be the ancestral diet of dogs, who are omnivorous, carnivorous scavengers. Dogs on a raw meat diet have been reported to have a healthier body condition, higher energy levels, a shinier coat, cleaner teeth, and normal bowel movements. A raw meat diet is also believed to be more natural and less processed than traditional dog food.
Raw meat diets can be nutritionally unbalanced, leading to potential nutritional deficiencies. They can also contain harmful bacteria and parasites, such as Salmonella, Listeria, and E. coli, which can pose health risks for both dogs and their owners. Bones in raw meat can also be dangerous, causing perforation or obstruction of the gastrointestinal tract, dental fractures, and stomach pain.
Consult a veterinary nutritionist to ensure your dog's diet is balanced and complete. Handle raw meat carefully, disinfect all surfaces and dishes, and wash your hands thoroughly with soap. Keep raw meat frozen until you are ready to use it, then thaw it in the refrigerator or microwave, not on the counter or in the sink. Do not wash raw meat in the sink.
