The ketogenic, or keto, diet is a low-carb, high-fat diet that has been proven to help people lose weight and improve their health. It involves drastically reducing carbohydrate intake, typically to 30-50 grams per day, and getting most of your calories from fat and protein. This shift in macronutrient ratios puts the body into a metabolic state called ketosis, where it burns fat for energy instead of glucose.
While on the keto diet, it's important to focus on nutritious, whole foods like full-fat dairy, eggs, fish, meat, poultry, and healthy fats like avocado and olive oil. It's also crucial to stay within the recommended macronutrient ranges, as consuming too many calories, even from keto-friendly foods, can hinder weight loss. Physical activity is another essential component of the keto diet, as it boosts fat loss and offers numerous health benefits.
Although the keto diet can be challenging to stick to, it has been shown to produce rapid weight loss, especially in the first few weeks. However, it's important to note that a significant portion of this initial weight loss is due to water loss, as the body releases water weight when it burns through its glycogen stores. Once fully in ketosis, weight loss may slow down, but it's more likely to be fat loss rather than water loss.
Overall, the keto diet can be an effective tool for weight loss and improving health, but it must be implemented correctly and consistently to achieve the desired results.
Characteristics | Values |
---|---|
Carbohydrate intake | 30-50 grams per day |
Calorie deficit | Yes |
Macronutrient tracking | Recommended |
Whole foods | Recommended |
Physical activity | Recommended |
Stress management | Recommended |
Sleep | Recommended |
What You'll Learn
How to eat keto
The keto diet is a low-carb, high-fat, moderate-protein diet. It can be an effective way to lose weight and improve type 2 diabetes or metabolic syndrome. To follow the keto diet, you need to cut back on carbohydrates so that your body enters a metabolic state called ketosis, where it burns fat for fuel instead of carbs. Here are some detailed tips on how to eat keto:
- Reduce your carb intake: Aim for 20 to 50 grams of carbs or fewer per day. The fewer carbs you eat, the more effective the diet will be for reaching ketosis and losing weight. Avoid bread, pasta, chips, cookies, candy, ice cream, beans, and most fruits.
- Get enough protein: Make sure you're eating enough protein, as this is crucial for maintaining and building muscle mass. Good sources of protein include meat, fish, seafood, eggs, and tofu.
- Add healthy fats: Include natural fats like butter and olive oil to your meals. Avocados, nuts, and fatty fish like salmon are also excellent sources of healthy fats.
- Eat plenty of low-carb vegetables: Base your meals on low-carb veggies such as leafy greens, broccoli, cauliflower, tomatoes, and eggplant. Non-starchy vegetables are low in calories and carbs but high in nutrients.
- Stay hydrated: Drink plenty of water and get enough electrolytes like sodium and potassium. Bone broth is a good option to help replenish fluids and salt.
- Be mindful of portion sizes: While keto-friendly foods like avocados, olive oil, nuts, and full-fat dairy are nutritious, they are also high in calories. Avoid overeating by paying attention to portion sizes.
- Cook your own meals: Look for keto-approved recipes and cook your meals at home. This way, you know exactly what ingredients are going into your food.
- Plan and prepare: Keto can be challenging, especially when you're just starting. Plan your meals ahead of time and prepare keto-friendly snacks to help you stay on track.
- Monitor your progress: Take photos, measurements, and track your weight regularly. This will help you stay motivated and make adjustments as needed.
- Be consistent: Consistency is key to seeing results. Stick to your keto meal plan and give it time to work.
- Consult with a healthcare professional: Before starting the keto diet, consult with your doctor or a registered dietitian, especially if you have any medical conditions or take medications.
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How to plan keto meals
Planning keto meals can be a great way to save time, money, and effort while setting yourself up for success on a low-carb diet. Here are some detailed and instructive tips on how to plan keto meals:
Start With Existing Keto Favorites
Begin with a small number of changes to your diet, rather than making multiple big changes at once, which can lead to burnout. Start with keto-friendly meals that you already enjoy and have a think about how you could structure those meals over the week or the next few days. This familiarity with existing recipes will make it easier to form the habit of planning and prepping ahead. As you get more comfortable, you can start adding in new keto recipes and experimenting.
Stock up on Keto Staples
You can make a wide variety of nutritious low-carb dishes using a combination of protein sources, healthy fats, vegetables, and condiments.
Protein Sources: Seafood, meat, tofu (in moderation), and yogurt.
Healthy Fats: Avocado, coconut oil, olive oil, nuts, eggs, and coconut milk.
Vegetables: Kale, spinach, broccoli, onions, asparagus, peppers, and eggplant.
Condiments: Keto-friendly versions of mayonnaise, hot sauce, and ketchup.
Prepare a Grocery List
Making a grocery list can help you stay on track and only buy what you need, saving time and money.
Invest in Food Containers
A set of containers can make your keto meal planning much easier. Plastic containers are versatile and inexpensive, while glass is a great sustainable option for reheating but doesn't travel as well. Metal and bamboo containers are sturdy for taking food on the go but aren't designed to be heated. Opt for containers with compartments to keep ingredients separate if needed.
Batch Cooking
Batch cooking simply involves taking a few hours on the weekend or a quiet weekday evening to cook and portion out meals for the upcoming days or week. Soups, stews, and sauces work particularly well for this.
Consider Doubling Up
If batch cooking isn't your thing, you can still prepare most of your meals as normal but occasionally double the recipe. Store the extra portions in your containers for the next day or freeze them for later.
Remember, it's important to seek the advice of a dietitian or certified personal trainer with knowledge of nutrition before starting any new diet.
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How to exercise on keto
Exercising while on the keto diet can be intimidating, but it can improve your keto diet results. Once your body has adjusted to being in ketosis, exercising on keto with the right workout routine, supplementation, and carbohydrate consumption can help maximise your weight loss results, increase muscle mass, and give you a long-lasting energy boost.
Tips for Exercising on Keto
- Ease into your workout routine: When you start keto, your body goes through a significant metabolic adjustment phase where your body is switching from burning glucose as its primary fuel source to ketones. This adjustment is called the keto flu, and it can take anywhere from one to three weeks. While working out can help ease the symptoms of the keto flu, your first few workouts might feel sluggish and more challenging than usual.
- Choose a keto-friendly pre-workout: It is essential to use a pre-workout supplement that is keto-friendly. Pure C8 MCT oil is one of the best keto-friendly pre-workouts because its energy-boosting, metabolism-enhancing benefits help increase efficiency while exercising on keto.
- Opt for strength training over HIIT workouts: Aerobic exercise (aka low-intensity, steady-state cardio activities) is the best type of workout when on the keto diet. This includes strength training, yoga, and stability training. The body uses fat as its primary energy source during lower-intensity aerobic workouts, and since the body is fat-adapted while in a state of ketosis, you’ll reap even more weight loss benefits.
- If you are doing high-intensity workouts, boost your carb intake: While a standard keto diet may not sustain a high-intensity workout routine, you can consume an additional 15-30 grams of net carbs from simple carbohydrates (like fruit) 30-60 minutes before a high-intensity workout.
- Make sure you're eating enough (especially fat): When engaging in a consistent exercise routine, it’s essential to nourish your body with quality foods to properly fuel your workouts, help you develop lean muscle mass, and support fast recovery. MCT oil, fresh fish, omega 3, avocado, and quality meats are some examples of healthy options that offer your body clean fats, important vitamins, and minerals.
- Listen to your body: Combining a clean keto approach with your preferred workout can accelerate weight loss and increase your overall energy while promoting a healthy lifestyle. However, if you are following the keto diet and regularly exercising yet experiencing subpar energy levels or halted weight loss, these may be signs that your workouts aren’t serving you as they should. Consider adjusting your workout routine, eating more nutrient-dense foods, or adding more carbs before your workout.
Best Exercises for Weight Loss
An exercise program that combines weight training, LISS (Low-Intensity Steady State), and HIIT (High-Intensity Interval Training) is typically the most impactful for weight loss.
- Weight training: Weight training increases dense, lean muscle mass, which is often lost during periods of caloric restriction. In addition, that increased muscle mass helps you work harder and move faster during aerobic training, which leads to an increased amount of fat and calories burned.
- LISS: This style of workout is meant to maximise calories burned and typically entails spending 30 to 60 minutes in the “fat-burning zone” of roughly 70-80 percent of maximal heart-rate effort. While the research is mixed, advocates of LISS maintain that it helps kick-start weight loss, increase blood flow, and promote oxygen delivery within cells.
- HIIT: This style of workout involves interval training in short, intense bursts of 10 to 60 seconds. Examples include sprints, pushups, sit-ups, lunges, jumping rope, burpees, or similar exercises. HIIT often includes both cardio and strength training to create a well-rounded workout. Proponents claim that HIIT is unique among exercise programs as it revs up the body’s metabolic rate and ability to burn fat while at rest.
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How to avoid keto flu
The keto flu is a collection of symptoms experienced by some people when they first start the keto diet. These symptoms, which can feel similar to the flu, are caused by the body adapting to a new diet consisting of very few carbohydrates.
- Drink enough water: A keto diet can cause you to rapidly shed water stores, increasing the risk of dehydration. Staying hydrated can help with symptoms like fatigue and muscle cramping.
- Replace electrolytes: When following a ketogenic diet, levels of insulin decrease, and the kidneys release excess sodium from the body. Getting adequate amounts of these important nutrients is an excellent way to power through the adaptation period of the diet. Salting food to taste and including potassium-rich, keto-friendly foods like green leafy vegetables and avocados are recommended.
- Get enough sleep: Fatigue and irritability are common complaints of people who are adapting to a ketogenic diet. Lack of sleep causes levels of the stress hormone cortisol to rise in the body, which can negatively impact mood and make keto-flu symptoms worse.
- Avoid strenuous exercise: While the body adjusts to new fuel sources, it is recommended to avoid strenuous exercise. Light activities like walking, yoga or leisurely biking may improve symptoms.
- Eat enough fat and carbs: Transitioning to a very low-carb diet can cause you to crave foods that are restricted on the ketogenic diet. Eating enough fat, the primary fuel source on the ketogenic diet, will help reduce cravings and keep you feeling satisfied.
- Cut out carbs slowly: If you are having a difficult time adapting to the ketogenic diet, you may have to eliminate carbohydrates gradually, rather than all at once. Slowly cutting back on carbs, while increasing fat and protein in your diet, may help make the transition smoother and decrease keto-flu symptoms.
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How to stay motivated on keto
Staying motivated on the keto diet can be challenging, but there are several strategies that can help you stay on track and achieve your weight loss goals. Here are some tips to keep you motivated:
- Visualise your progress: Take photos or measurements of your body regularly to visually track your progress. This can help you see the changes occurring in your body, which can be a powerful motivator to continue the diet.
- Set realistic expectations: Remember that weight loss varies from person to person, and it's normal for weight loss to be gradual. Don't set lofty goals that may be discouraging. Instead, aim for consistent, small changes, and focus on improving your health, not just the number on the scale.
- Manage stress and sleep: Chronic stress and lack of sleep can negatively impact weight loss. Find ways to manage stress, such as through meditation or yoga, and ensure you're getting adequate sleep.
- Increase physical activity: Exercise is crucial when trying to lose weight on a ketogenic diet. It stimulates fat loss, builds muscle, and boosts your metabolism. Set a workout schedule and stick to it, starting with a manageable amount of exercise and gradually increasing the intensity.
- Eat nutritious foods: Focus on consuming whole, unprocessed foods like full-fat dairy, eggs, fish, meat, poultry, and healthy fats. These foods will provide your body with the nutrients it needs and help you feel more satisfied after meals.
- Monitor your calorie intake: While keto-friendly foods are generally high in calories, it's still possible to consume too many calories and hinder weight loss. Pay attention to portion sizes and be mindful of your overall calorie intake to ensure you're creating a calorie deficit.
- Stay consistent: Consistency is key when it comes to the keto diet. Eat at the same times every day, and stick to your meal plan to help your body process food in a consistent pattern.
- Avoid unhealthy snacks: While snacking on keto-friendly foods can be helpful, constantly snacking on high-calorie options like nuts, cheese, or jerky may slow down your weight loss. Opt for lower-calorie snacks like non-starchy vegetables or proteins to keep you full without the extra calories.
- Stay hydrated: Drinking plenty of water is essential for keeping your body functioning optimally and supporting weight loss. Aim for around 2 litres of water per day, and more if you're physically active or live in a warm climate.
- Connect with others: Sharing your keto journey with others can provide support and accountability. Consider finding a keto buddy or joining an online community to stay motivated and inspired.
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Frequently asked questions
The keto diet is a low-carb, high-fat diet. It involves drastically reducing carbohydrate intake and replacing those calories with fat. This puts the body into a metabolic state called ketosis, where it burns fat for energy instead of glucose.
Keto leads to weight loss by reducing calorie intake, increasing feelings of fullness, and improving metabolic health. It also lowers insulin levels, which helps the body access its fat stores more easily.
Weight loss on keto varies depending on several factors, including starting weight, health condition, and individual metabolism. On average, people can expect to lose 1-2 pounds (0.5-1 kg) per week after the initial rapid drop in water weight during the first week.
Common mistakes that can hinder weight loss on keto include not being in ketosis, consuming too many hidden carbs, not checking how the body reacts to dairy, and eating too many calories.
Potential risks and side effects of the keto diet include kidney stones, vitamin and mineral deficiencies, and elevated LDL-cholesterol levels. It can also be challenging to stick to due to the restrictive nature of the diet.