The keto diet is a high-fat, low-carbohydrate diet that can be effective for weight loss and certain health conditions. Carbohydrates are typically restricted to 20-50 grams per day, forcing the body to rely on fats for energy instead of glucose. This process is known as ketosis, where the body uses ketones as an alternate fuel source.
The keto diet involves eating animal proteins, dairy, vegetables, plant-based foods, and fats and oils. It is important to monitor your intake of carbs and choose whole foods over processed foods.
Some quick keto-friendly carbohydrates include:
- Eggs
- Poultry, such as chicken and turkey
- Fatty fish, such as salmon, herring, and mackerel
- Meat, such as beef, pork, and bison
- Full-fat dairy, such as unsweetened yoghurt, butter, and cream
- Full-fat cheese, such as cheddar, mozzarella, and goat cheese
- Nuts and seeds, such as macadamia nuts, almonds, and walnuts
- Nut butter, such as peanut, almond, and cashew butter
- Oils, such as olive oil, avocado oil, and sesame oil
- Avocados
- Non-starchy vegetables, such as broccoli, tomatoes, and peppers
Characteristics | Values |
---|---|
Purpose | Weight loss, blood sugar control, and other health goals |
Carbohydrates | 20-50 grams per day |
Food | Meat, fish, eggs, butter, nuts, healthy oils, avocados, and low carb veggies |
Drinks | Water, sparkling water, unsweetened coffee, unsweetened green tea |
What You'll Learn
High-carb foods to avoid on keto
The keto diet is a low-carb, high-fat diet that can be effective for weight loss and certain health conditions. On a keto diet, you cut back significantly on carbohydrates to burn fat for fuel. The body enters a metabolic state called ketosis, where the liver turns fat into small energy molecules called ketones, which the brain and other organs can use for energy.
- Bread, tortillas, muffins, bagels, pancakes, cakes, cookies, and other baked goods
- Sugar and anything made with sugar, including sweets and sugary foods like ice cream, candy, and cake
- Most fruits and fruit juice, especially high-sugar fruits like bananas, raisins, dates, mangoes, and pears
- Starchy vegetables like corn, potatoes, sweet potatoes, and beets
- Breakfast cereals, especially sugary ones
- Beans and legumes, including peas, kidney beans, lentils, and chickpeas
- Milk and alternatives like skim milk, cream, and sweetened plant-based milk
- Gluten-free baked goods
- Alcohol, especially beer and sugary mixed drinks
- Fruit-flavoured and sweetened yogurt
- Juice
- Low-fat and fat-free salad dressings
- Chips and crackers
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Low-carb foods to eat on keto
The keto diet is a low-carb, high-fat diet that can help with weight loss and blood sugar control. It involves limiting carbs to 20-50 grams per day and filling up on fats, such as meat, fish, eggs, nuts, and healthy oils. Here are some low-carb food options that are keto-friendly:
- Animal proteins: Fatty fish like salmon, sardines, mackerel, and shellfish are keto-friendly and rich in B vitamins, potassium, and selenium. Meat and poultry are also staple foods on the keto diet as they contain no carbs and are rich in B vitamins and minerals.
- Dairy and dairy alternatives: Cheese, plain Greek yogurt, cottage cheese, cream, and half-and-half are good options. Unsweetened plant-based milk like soy, almond, and coconut milk are also keto-friendly.
- Green leafy vegetables: Spinach, kale, collard greens, salad greens, cooking greens, and herbs are excellent choices as they are low in carbs and rich in vitamins, minerals, and antioxidants.
- High-fat veggies: Avocados and olives are unique among vegetables as they are high in healthy fats and low in net carbs.
- Other non-starchy vegetables: Cauliflower, spaghetti squash, jicama, and turnips are great substitutes for high-carb foods like potatoes and sweet potatoes.
- Plant-based foods: Nuts, seeds, berries, dark chocolate, and cocoa powder are good options.
- Beverages: Unsweetened coffee, tea, and sparkling water are keto-friendly beverage options.
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Keto-friendly drinks
When following a keto diet, it's important to stay hydrated, and there are plenty of keto-friendly drinks besides water to choose from. Here are some options to keep things interesting:
Tea and Coffee
Black tea, green tea, and herbal tea are all excellent choices and contain negligible calories and carbs. Coffee is also a great option, and you can add heavy cream or butter to make it more indulgent. Just be mindful of what you add to your tea and coffee, as some additions like regular milk and sugar are high in carbs.
Sparkling Water
Sparkling water is a great low-carb option, and there are many flavored varieties available that are still keto-friendly.
Fruit and Vegetable Juices
While fruit juices are typically high in sugar, lemon and lime juices are low in carbs and can be added to water or tea for a burst of flavor. Some vegetables can also be juiced, such as leafy greens like kale and spinach, but be aware that juicing removes most of the nutritious fiber.
Milk Alternatives
Unsweetened plant-based milk alternatives like almond milk and coconut milk are perfect for keto. Just be sure to avoid the sweetened and flavored versions, which often contain too much sugar.
Alcoholic Beverages
Hard liquors like vodka, whiskey, rum, and tequila are naturally carb-free. Low carb beer is also an option, with some brands offering as little as 2-3 grams of net carbs per bottle. Be cautious with mixed drinks, as they often contain sugary fruit juices or soda.
Energy and Sports Drinks
Energy drinks are best avoided due to their potential health risks, but if you do choose to consume them, opt for those sweetened with stevia or other natural zero-calorie sweeteners. Sports drinks can be helpful for rehydration and replenishing electrolytes, especially after intense exercise. Look for electrolyte powders sweetened with stevia that can be mixed into water.
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Keto-friendly snacks
A keto diet is a low-carb, high-fat diet that shares similarities with Atkins and other low-carb diets. The diet involves drastically reducing carbohydrate intake and replacing it with fat. This reduction in carbs puts your body into a metabolic state called ketosis, where your body uses fat for fuel instead of carbs.
- Meat, such as ham, chicken, bacon, sausage, and beef
- Fish, including salmon, tuna, and shrimp
- Eggs, either boiled or deviled
- Cheese, especially cheddar, goat, cream, blue, mozzarella, or Parmesan
- Nuts and seeds, such as almonds, walnuts, pumpkin seeds, and chia seeds
- Low-carb veggies, like broccoli, cauliflower, zucchini, spinach, and tomatoes
- Dark chocolate and cocoa powder (in moderation)
- Avocados, either on their own or made into guacamole
- Greek yogurt and cottage cheese
- Berries, including strawberries, blueberries, and raspberries
- Peanut butter
- Olives
There are also many keto-friendly snack recipes available online, such as keto bread, keto chips, and keto dips.
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A sample keto menu for a week
A week of keto-friendly meals can be challenging to put together, but here is a sample menu that provides fewer than 50 grams of carbohydrates per day.
Monday
- Breakfast: Veggie and egg muffins with tomatoes
- Lunch: Chicken salad with olive oil, feta cheese, olives, and a side salad
- Dinner: Salmon with asparagus cooked in butter
Tuesday
- Breakfast: Egg, tomato, basil, and spinach omelet
- Lunch: Almond milk, peanut butter, spinach, cocoa powder, and stevia milkshake with a side of sliced strawberries
- Dinner: Cheese-shell tacos with salsa
Wednesday
- Breakfast: Nut milk chia pudding topped with coconut and blackberries
- Lunch: Avocado shrimp salad
- Dinner: Pork chops with Parmesan cheese, broccoli, and salad
Thursday
- Breakfast: Omelet with avocado, salsa, peppers, onion, and spices
- Lunch: A handful of nuts and celery sticks with guacamole and salsa
- Dinner: Chicken stuffed with pesto and cream cheese, and a side of grilled zucchini
Friday
- Breakfast: Sugar-free Greek, whole milk yogurt with peanut butter, cocoa powder, and berries
- Lunch: Ground beef lettuce wrap tacos with sliced bell peppers
- Dinner: Loaded cauliflower and mixed veggies
Saturday
- Breakfast: Cream cheese pancakes with blueberries and a side of grilled mushrooms
- Lunch: Zucchini and beet "noodle" salad
- Dinner: White fish cooked in olive oil with kale and toasted pine nuts
Sunday
- Breakfast: Fried eggs with mushrooms
- Lunch: Low-carb sesame chicken and broccoli
- Dinner: Spaghetti squash Bolognese
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Frequently asked questions
Examples of keto-friendly carbohydrates include nuts, seeds, berries, non-starchy vegetables, and dairy products like plain Greek yogurt and cottage cheese.
High-carb foods that should be limited or avoided on a keto diet include starchy vegetables (like potatoes and sweet potatoes), fruits with high sugar content, bread, pasta, rice, cereal, and beer.
The keto diet has been shown to aid weight loss, improve blood sugar control, and potentially reduce the risk of certain diseases such as type 2 diabetes, cancer, and Alzheimer's disease.