The ketogenic diet, or keto, is a low-carb, high-fat diet that has been linked to several health benefits, including weight loss, improved cognitive function, and enhanced athletic performance. However, maintaining ketosis, a metabolic state where the body burns fat for energy instead of carbohydrates, can be challenging. This is where exogenous ketones, particularly beta-hydroxybutyrate (BHB), come into play. BHB is a chemical produced by the body during fasting or low-carb, high-fat diets, providing an alternative energy source for the body, including the brain. It has been suggested that BHB supplements can help maintain ketosis and provide various health benefits. While some studies show promising results, particularly in suppressing appetite, there is limited research on the effectiveness of BHB supplements for weight loss and other health claims. Furthermore, potential side effects, such as stomach discomfort and the risk of consuming too much salt, should be considered. Overall, while BHB may have potential benefits, more research is needed to confirm its efficacy and safety.
Characteristics | Values |
---|---|
What is BHB? | Beta-hydroxybutyrate (BHB) is a chemical that is made by the body. It provides energy when not enough carbohydrates or sugars have been eaten. |
How does it work? | BHB can also be made in the lab and taken as a supplement. It seems to help the brain and nerves work better. |
Uses | BHB is used for dry eye, athletic performance, migraine, Alzheimer's disease, Parkinson's disease, and many other conditions, but there is no good scientific evidence to support these uses. |
Side effects | Some people might have stomach upset, diarrhea, constipation, and stomach pain. These side effects are more likely to happen when very high doses are used. |
Precautions | There isn't enough reliable information to know if BHB is safe when used during pregnancy or breastfeeding. |
Forms | The two main forms of ketone supplements are ketone salts and ketone esters. |
Ketosis | Ketone supplements can help your body stay in ketosis, a state in which it burns fat rather than carbs. |
Weight loss | Ketone supplements have been shown to decrease appetite, which may help with weight loss. However, there is limited research to support this claim. |
Cost | A two-week supply of exogenous ketones could cost $50 or more. |
What You'll Learn
BHB supplements may help with ketosis
The body enters a state of ketosis when it doesn't have enough carbohydrates to use as fuel and instead burns fat, producing ketone bodies. The two main ketone bodies produced during ketosis are acetoacetate and beta-hydroxybutyrate (BHB).
Ketone supplements have been shown to increase ketone levels in the body, mimicking the state of ketosis achieved through a ketogenic diet. This can be helpful for people who want to transition into ketosis without necessarily following a strict keto diet.
One of the main forms of ketone supplements is ketone salts, which are ketones bound to a salt, typically sodium, potassium, calcium, or magnesium. These supplements are usually found in powder form and mixed with liquid. Another form is ketone esters, which are ketones linked to another compound called an ester and are less commonly available.
Some studies have shown that ketone supplements may have health benefits similar to those of a ketogenic diet, including weight loss and improved cognitive function. However, there is limited research on the effectiveness of ketone supplements, and they may not be suitable for everyone.
It's important to note that ketosis can be challenging to maintain, and consuming too much of certain ketone supplements, especially those bound to salts, can have negative side effects. Additionally, the long-term effects of ketone supplements are still unknown, and they may not be a sustainable solution for weight loss or ketosis maintenance.
While BHB supplements may help with ketosis, it's always recommended to consult a healthcare professional before taking any supplements, especially when following a restrictive diet like keto.
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BHB may improve athletic performance
BHB, or beta-hydroxybutyrate, is a chemical produced by the body when it does not have enough carbohydrates or sugars to use as fuel. It can also be made in a lab and taken as a supplement. BHB is thought to help the brain and nerves work better and may provide energy to muscles, thereby improving exercise ability.
While there is no good scientific evidence to support the use of BHB for athletic performance, some studies have shown promising results. For example, a study on trained cyclists found that acute ingestion of BHB salts improved their response to graded exercise. Another study on healthy adults found that a ketone ester drink increased post-exercise muscle glycogen synthesis.
Additionally, BHB supplements have been shown to reduce the time it takes to reach ketosis and lessen the unpleasant effects of transitioning from a standard, higher-carb diet to a ketogenic one, such as constipation, headache, and muscle cramps. This could potentially improve athletic performance by reducing the time needed for recovery and helping athletes maintain their training regimen.
Furthermore, BHB has been linked to improved cognitive function, which could indirectly impact athletic performance by enhancing focus, concentration, and decision-making during training and competition.
While the potential benefits of BHB for athletic performance are intriguing, more research is needed to confirm its effectiveness and fully understand its impact on the human body.
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BHB may be used to treat neurological diseases
BHB, or beta-hydroxybutyrate, is a chemical produced by the body when it is in a state of ketosis, which occurs when the body does not have enough carbohydrates or sugars to use for energy. BHB can also be made in a lab and taken as a supplement.
BHB has been linked to several health benefits, including improved brain and nerve function, and it may also provide energy to muscles to improve exercise ability. However, there is currently no good scientific evidence to support these uses.
BHB has been found to have protective and preventative properties for the brain and nerves, and it is currently being studied for its potential to treat neurological diseases.
Alzheimer's Disease
BHB has been found to improve cognitive function in transgenic mouse models of Alzheimer's disease. In these studies, BHB treatment reduced the number and size of amyloid plaques, decreased inflammation, and improved cognitive performance in mice.
Parkinson's Disease
In both in vitro and in vivo studies, BHB treatment has been shown to inhibit microglial activation and decrease the expression of pro-inflammatory markers in the context of Parkinson's disease. BHB treatment has also been found to improve behavioural outcomes in rats with Parkinson's disease.
Spinal Cord Injury
In a rat model of spinal cord injury, BHB administration reduced the levels of pro-inflammatory proteins and inhibited the activation of the NLRP3 inflammasome, which is involved in neuroinflammation.
While the potential therapeutic benefits of BHB for neurological diseases are still being studied, the existing research suggests that BHB may be a useful tool for treating these conditions.
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BHB may be used to treat psychiatric diseases
Beta-hydroxybutyrate (BHB) is a chemical produced by the body that provides energy when there is a shortage of carbohydrates or sugar intake. It can also be made in a laboratory and taken as a supplement. BHB has been linked to several health benefits, including improved brain and nerve function, and is used to treat various conditions, such as dry eye, athletic performance, migraine, Alzheimer's, and Parkinson's disease.
BHB and Psychiatric Diseases
While the direct use of BHB to treat psychiatric diseases is still being researched, there is growing evidence that it may play a role in this area. Here are some key points to consider:
- Therapeutic Potential: Exogenous ketone supplementation-induced ketosis may be an effective tool against psychiatric diseases. Animal studies have shown that BHB has a modulatory influence on behavior and anxiolytic effects.
- Neurological Disorders: BHB has been found to help treat neurological disorders and is currently being studied for its potential in treating psychiatric illnesses.
- Epigenetic Modulation: BHB has gained recognition for its role in epigenetic modulation, which has profound implications for neuropsychiatric disorders. It acts as a signaling molecule that influences biological processes and can modulate and influence gene expression.
- Inflammation and Neuroprotection: BHB has anti-inflammatory properties and can act as a signaling molecule to trigger protective states in cells, making it a potential treatment for inflammation-related psychiatric conditions.
- Gut Microbiome: The ketogenic diet, which increases BHB levels, can alter the gut microbiome, which may have implications for mental health through the gut-brain axis.
- Metabolic Psychiatry: BHB's role in metabolic psychiatry is most effectively harnessed within the framework of a well-formulated ketogenic diet, which induces a comprehensive metabolic state with broader effects on brain health and function.
- Further Research: While the current research supports the use of ketogenic diets for neurological disorders and mental illnesses, more studies are needed to determine the effectiveness of BHB supplementation as a standalone treatment for psychiatric diseases.
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BHB may be used to treat diabetes
BHB, or beta-hydroxybutyrate, is a chemical that can be produced by the body or made in a lab and taken as a supplement. It has been linked to several health benefits, including improved brain and nerve function, enhanced athletic performance, and potential treatment for neurological diseases and diabetes.
BHB and Diabetes
BHB may be beneficial for people with type 2 diabetes by helping to lower blood sugar levels. A study found that participants who drank a ketone ester supplement experienced lower blood sugar levels. This finding suggests that BHB could be a potential treatment for type 2 diabetes, although more research is needed to confirm this.
How BHB Works
BHB is one of the three main ketones produced during ketosis, along with acetone and acetoacetate. Ketosis is a metabolic state where the body burns fat instead of carbohydrates for energy. BHB provides an alternative energy source for the body, including the brain and muscles.
Safety and Side Effects
BHB is generally considered safe when taken as a single dose of 380 mg/kg. However, some people may experience stomach upset, diarrhea, constipation, and stomach pain when taking very high doses. Additionally, BHB supplements can be bound to sodium, which may be dangerous for people with high blood pressure. It is important to consult a healthcare professional before taking any supplements.
While BHB shows potential as a treatment for diabetes, more research is needed to fully understand its effectiveness and safety. It is important to note that a healthy diet and lifestyle habits are crucial for managing diabetes, and supplements should not be relied upon as a sole treatment.
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Frequently asked questions
BHB stands for beta-hydroxybutyrate, a chemical that is made by the body and provides energy when not enough carbohydrates or sugars have been eaten.
BHB is used to help the brain and nerves work better and may also provide energy to muscles to improve exercise ability.
BHB is used for dry eye, athletic performance, migraine, Alzheimer's disease, Parkinson's disease, and many other conditions, but there is no good scientific evidence to support these uses.
Some people might experience stomach upset, diarrhea, constipation, and stomach pain when taking BHB. These side effects are more likely to happen when very high doses are used.