Keto Euphoria: How Long Until You Feel It?

The ketogenic diet is a low-carb, high-fat method of eating that has been linked to feelings of euphoria. Anecdotal evidence suggests that the initial phase of the diet can induce a sense of well-being and mild euphoria, which has been attributed to ketosis, where ketone bodies replace glucose as an energy source for the brain. One of these ketone bodies, beta-hydroxybutyrate (BHB), has a similar structure to the notorious drug of abuse, GHB (gamma-hydroxybutyrate). While the link between ketosis and euphoria warrants further scientific investigation, some individuals have reported experiencing increased energy, improved mental clarity, and enhanced social confidence within the first few days to weeks of starting the keto diet. However, it's important to note that the initial euphoric effects may subside as the body and brain adapt to this new way of eating.

The link between ketosis and gamma-hydroxybutyrate (GHB)

Ketosis refers to the production of ketone bodies, which can replace glucose as an energy source for the brain. Anecdotal evidence suggests that the initial phase of fasting or a low-carbohydrate diet is linked to feelings of well-being and mild euphoria, which have often been attributed to ketosis. One of the ketone bodies, beta-hydroxybutyrate (BHB), is structurally similar to gamma-hydroxybutyrate (GHB), a central nervous system depressant and a notorious drug of abuse.

The Hypothesis

Andrew J. Brown hypothesizes that the mild euphoria often noted with fasting or low-carbohydrate diets may be due to shared actions of BHB and GHB on the brain. Specifically, Brown proposes that BHB, like GHB, induces mild euphoria by being a weak partial agonist for GABA(B) receptors.

Testing the Hypothesis

Brown outlines several approaches that could be used to test the hypothesis, including:

• Receptor binding studies in cultured cells
• Perception studies in trained rodents
• Psychometric testing and functional magnetic resonance imaging in humans

These and other studies investigating the potential common effects of BHB and GHB on brain chemistry and mood are considered timely and warranted, especially considering the popularity of ketogenic diets and the abuse of GHB as a recreational drug.

GHB in Medicine

GHB, also known as sodium oxybate, is used in the treatment of cataplexy and excessive daytime sleepiness in patients with narcolepsy. It has also been studied for its potential in treating alcohol and opiate dependence and narcolepsy-associated cataplexy. However, GHB is a tightly regulated substance due to its recreational use and association with date rape and weight loss.

Case Study

A case study reported by Fuller DE et al. in 2010 documented the first instance of GHB causing hyperglycaemia and ketosis in a type 1 diabetic patient. The patient, a 24-year-old woman with type 1 diabetes and a history of grand mal seizures, was prescribed GHB to treat narcolepsy. After initiating treatment with GHB, the patient experienced acute hyperglycaemia and ketosis, which could have led to diabetic ketoacidosis. This case highlights the need for endocrinologists, neurologists, and other health professionals to be aware of the potential metabolic consequences of GHB therapy in type 1 diabetic patients.

The impact of keto on mental health

The ketogenic diet has been linked to several mental health benefits, ranging from improved mental clarity to the alleviation of symptoms associated with various mental health disorders. While the field of nutritional psychiatry is still emerging, with limited clinical research, there is a growing body of anecdotal evidence and scientific studies suggesting that the keto diet may have a positive impact on mental health.

Improvements in mental clarity and focus

One of the most commonly reported benefits of the keto diet is improved mental clarity and focus. This improvement can be especially noticeable in individuals with ADHD, who may experience better concentration and reduced symptoms of procrastination, lateness, and disorganization.

Anxiety reduction

The keto diet has been anecdotally linked to a reduction in anxiety symptoms. In clinical settings, individuals who adopted a keto diet reported a significant decrease in panic attacks, irritability, and "emotional eating". The diet's impact on stabilizing blood sugar levels and reducing stress hormones may contribute to this anxiety-reducing effect.

Depression

There is some evidence to suggest that the keto diet may help alleviate symptoms of depression. A small controlled clinical trial found that individuals with Major Depressive Disorder who switched to a Mediterranean-style diet experienced more relief from depression symptoms than those who did not make dietary changes. The keto diet's ability to reduce inflammation and improve insulin resistance may be contributing factors in improving depression symptoms.

Bipolar disorder

The keto diet has been anecdotally linked to improvements in managing bipolar disorder. Individuals with bipolar disorder who adopted the keto diet reported more stable and predictable moods, with less intense depressive episodes and more manageable elevated moods. The diet's impact on stabilizing blood sugar levels and reducing inflammation may contribute to these positive effects.

Schizophrenia

There are a few published case reports and studies that suggest the keto diet may improve symptoms of schizophrenia. A notable case study involved a 70-year-old woman with lifelong schizophrenia who experienced a cessation of visual and auditory hallucinations after only eight days on the keto diet. While more research is needed, these initial findings suggest a potential benefit of the keto diet in managing schizophrenia.

Autism spectrum disorder (ASD)

There is some preliminary evidence to suggest that the keto diet may be beneficial for individuals with autism spectrum disorder (ASD). Small clinical studies and case reports have shown that a keto diet may help improve autistic behaviors and symptoms.

Alzheimer's disease

Research has found a strong link between Alzheimer's disease and insulin resistance in the brain, often referred to as "type 3 diabetes". The keto diet's ability to improve insulin sensitivity and reduce insulin resistance may be beneficial in managing Alzheimer's disease and improving cognitive function.

Overall mental health improvements

The keto diet has been linked to overall improvements in mental health and well-being. This may be due to the diet's impact on reducing inflammation and oxidative stress, improving neurotransmitter imbalances, and enhancing energy production in the brain. Additionally, the keto diet's ability to stabilize blood sugar levels and reduce stress hormones may contribute to improved mental health and a sense of euphoria.

While the keto diet has shown promise in improving mental health, it is important to note that it should not be considered a sole or primary treatment for severe mental health disorders. It should be used as a complementary approach under the guidance of a mental health professional, especially for individuals with a history of serious mental health symptoms.

The initial keto euphoria phase

During the initial keto euphoria phase, individuals may experience a sense of wellbeing, heightened energy levels, and improved mental focus. Some people report feeling calmer, more social, and more confident during this phase. It is often described as a transformative experience, with individuals feeling like they have gained access to a previously untapped source of energy and mental clarity.

The duration of the initial keto euphoria phase can vary from person to person. Some people report experiencing it for a few days, while others may enjoy its benefits for several weeks or even months. However, it is important to note that the intensity of these positive effects tends to diminish over time as the body and brain adapt to the new way of eating.

The exact mechanisms underlying the initial keto euphoria phase are not fully understood. However, it is hypothesized that it is linked to the body's transition to a state of ketosis, where ketone bodies, such as beta-hydroxybutyrate (BHB), become the primary source of energy for the brain instead of glucose. BHB has structural similarities to gamma-hydroxybutyrate (GHB), a compound known for its euphoric effects. Therefore, it is proposed that the increased levels of BHB during ketosis may contribute to the feelings of euphoria and wellbeing associated with the initial keto euphoria phase.

It is worth noting that not everyone experiences the initial keto euphoria phase, and the intensity and duration of this phase can vary significantly among individuals. Additionally, factors such as overall calorie intake, the ratio of fat to protein intake, and adherence to the ketogenic diet can influence the likelihood and duration of this phase.

The impact of keto on serotonin production

The ketogenic diet has become a popular weight-loss strategy, but its impact on serotonin production and overall mental health is often overlooked. While the diet can be effective for weight loss and treating epilepsy, it's important to consider its potential effects on serotonin levels, which play a crucial role in regulating our mood, sleep, and overall mental well-being.

Serotonin and its sources

Serotonin is a neurotransmitter that regulates our emotions, sleep patterns, appetite, and pain perception. It is synthesized in the brain from the amino acid tryptophan, which we obtain through our diet. Turkey, chicken, eggs, cheese, nuts, hemp seeds, spirulina, and pumpkin seeds are all excellent sources of tryptophan.

The role of insulin and carbohydrates

Insulin resistance, caused by high blood sugar levels, can interfere with serotonin production. In a healthy body, insulin acts as a gatekeeper, allowing tryptophan to enter the brain and be converted into serotonin. However, when insulin resistance occurs, the body's ability to utilize tryptophan for serotonin synthesis is hindered, leading to lower serotonin levels.

Low-carb diets, like keto, can help improve insulin sensitivity and stabilize blood sugar levels. By cutting back on refined and processed carbohydrates, keto can enhance the body's ability to utilize tryptophan efficiently, which is crucial for optimal serotonin production.

Carbohydrates and mood fluctuations

Consuming carbohydrates can provide a quick mood boost by temporarily increasing serotonin levels. When we consume carbs and simple sugars, blood sugar levels spike, triggering an insulin release. This insulin surge can lead to a short-term improvement in mood. However, this is often followed by a crash as blood sugar and serotonin levels return to baseline. Relying on carbohydrates for mood regulation can lead to a vicious cycle of cravings, overeating, and unstable emotions.

Strategies for optimizing serotonin levels on keto

While keto can be beneficial for some, it's not a one-size-fits-all solution. Here are some strategies to optimize serotonin levels while following a low-carb diet:

• Ensure adequate protein intake: Serotonin synthesis requires tryptophan, which comes from protein-rich foods. Include a variety of high-quality protein sources like eggs, poultry, fish, and grass-fed beef in your diet.
• Improve gut health: If your gut health is compromised, you may not fully digest and absorb essential amino acids like tryptophan. Incorporate digestive enzymes, probiotics, and gut-healing foods like bone broth and fermented vegetables into your diet.
• Address insulin resistance: Focus on healthy fats like avocado, olive oil, and nuts, which help stabilize blood sugar and support brain health. Also, include soluble fiber from chia seeds, flaxseeds, and non-starchy vegetables to improve insulin sensitivity.
• Prioritize lifestyle modifications: Exercise, stress management, and adequate sleep are crucial for maintaining healthy serotonin levels. Regular physical activity and stress-reducing practices like deep breathing and spending time in nature can boost serotonin levels and improve mental well-being.

In conclusion, while keto can be a powerful tool for weight loss and epilepsy treatment, it's important to consider its impact on serotonin production. By understanding the intricate relationship between carbs, insulin, and serotonin, we can make informed choices to support optimal mental health while following a low-carb diet.

The duration of keto euphoria

One theory to explain the cause of keto euphoria is the production of ketone bodies, such as beta-hydroxybutyrate (BHB), which can replace glucose as an energy source for the brain. BHB is structurally similar to gamma-hydroxybutyrate (GHB), a drug of abuse known to induce euphoria. It is hypothesized that the mild euphoria associated with fasting or low-carbohydrate diets may be due to shared actions of BHB and GHB on the brain, specifically through their effects on GABA(B) receptors.

It is important to note that the experience of keto euphoria can be highly individual and may not be sustained over time. Some people report that the euphoric feeling tapers off after a few days or weeks, even if they are still adhering to the keto diet. Additionally, cheating on the diet by consuming sugar or carbs can also impact the duration of keto euphoria, with some people reporting a return to a depressive state after consuming these foods.

While keto euphoria can be a positive experience for some people, it is not a guaranteed outcome of the keto diet and should not be relied upon as a sole treatment for mental health conditions such as anxiety or depression. It is always recommended to consult with a healthcare professional before starting any new diet or treatment plan.

In summary, the duration of keto euphoria can vary from a few days to several weeks or months, and it may not be a sustained or consistent experience for everyone who tries the keto diet.

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